Irregurar Verbs

Irregular Verbs - Dictionary Form

Irregular verb use either "suru" or "kuru"

1. かいぎ（を）する (kaigi-wo-suru) – Hold a meeting
2. かいもの（を）する (kaimono-wo-suru) – Shop, Do shopping
3. けっこん（を）する (kekkon-wo-su) – Marry, Get married
4. コピー（を）する (kopi-wo-suru) – Make a copy
5. さんぽ（を）する (sanpo-wo-suru) – Take a walk
6. しごと（を）する (shigoto-wo-suru) – Work
7. しつもん（を）する (shitsumon-wo-suru) – Ask somebody a question
8. する (suru) – Do
9. しゅくだい（を）する (shukudai-wo-suru) – Do (one’s) homework
10. せんたく（を）する (sentaku-wo-suru) – Wash (clothes)
11. そうじ（を）する (souji-wo-suru) – Clean
12. でんわ（を）する (denwa-wo-suru) – Make a telephone call
13. はなし（を）する (hanashi-wo-suru) – Talk, Have a talk
14. パ－テイ－（を）する (pa-ti-wo-suru) – Give a party
15. べんきょう（を）する (benkyou-wo-suru) – Study
16. りょうり（を）する (ryouri-wo-suru) – Cook
17. りょこう（を）する (ryokou-wo-suru) – Take a trip
18. れんしゅう（を）する (renshuu-wo-suru) – Practice
19. くる (kuru) - Come

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Groups 2 Verbs

You will notice that group 2 verb ends with "eru".

1.あける (akeru) – Open
2.あげる (ageru) – Give
3.いれる (ireru) – Put in
4.うまれる (umareru) - Be born
5.おしえる (oshieru) – Tell, Teach
6.おぼえる (oboeru) – Memorize
7.かける (kakeru) – Make a telephone call
8.かける (kakeru) – Put one’s glasses on
9.きえる (kieru) – Go off, Go out
10.こたえる (kotaeru) – Answer, Reply
11.しめる (shimeru) – Close
12.しめる (shimeru) - Tighten, Tie
13.たべる (taberu) – Eat
14.つかれる (tsukareru) – Get tired
15.つける (tsukeru) – Turn on, Light
16.つろめる (tsutomeru) – Work for
17.でる (deru) – Leave, Attend
18.ならべる (naraberu) – Line (things) up
19.はれる (hareru) – Clear (up)
20.みせる (miseru) - Show

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Group 1 Verbs

The easiest way to remember the verb is to study first the dictionary form and its groupings.

1.あく (aku) – Open
2.あるく (aruku) – Walk
3.いく (iku) – Go
4.おく (oku) – Put, Place
5.かく (kaku) – Write, Draw
6.きく (kiku) – Listen, Hear, Ask
7.さく (saku) – Bloom, Flower
8.つく (tsuku) – Arrive
9.なく (naku) – Sing (bird), Bark (dog)
10.はく (haku) – Put on (shoes), Wear (pants)
11.はたらく (hataraku) – Work
12.ひく (hiku) – Pull
13.ひく (hiku) – Play piano, guitar
14.ふく (fuku) – Breathe out, Play (the flute)
15.みがく (migaku) – Polish, Brush
16.およぐ (oyogu) – Swim
17.ぬぐ (nugu) – Take off, Undress
18.おす (osu) – Push
19.かえす (kaesu) – Return, Give something back
20.かす (kasu) – Lend

To avoid confusion, take note of verbs that sounds similar but different meaning. Example: “Hiku”.

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Using Verb Bases

I

Ichidan Verbs - 一段動詞

The second group of verbs are called Ichidan (一段) verbs. It is usually an Ichidan verb if it ends with the sound "iru" or "eru". Some well used verbs which appear to be Ichidan but are really Godan are listed here. Ichidan verbs also follow a simple conjugation pattern that is somewhat similar to that of the Godan verbs. Here's an example:

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base 食べる たべる taberu (to eat) 食べ たべ tabe Base 1 食べ たべ tabe Base 2 食べる たべる taberu Base 3 食べれ たべれ tabere Base 4 食べよう たべよう tabeyou Base 5 食べて たべて tabete Base "te" 食べた たべた tabeta Base "ta"

Base 1 and Base 2: As you can see, Base 1 and 2 are the same. Just like with the Godan verbs, a negative can be made by adding -nai (ex. tabenai - I will not eat.) and this base, or root form, is also used for the formal form of the verb.

Base 3: Base 3 is the same as with Godan verbs.

Base 4: Base 4, however, can not be used by itself like with Godan verbs. It is only used for "if verb" by adding -ba. (ex. tabereba - If I eat it...) It is not the low command form for Ichidan verbs. The low command form for Ichidan verbs is Base 1 + ろ (ro).

Base 5: Base 5 is the same as with Godan verbs.

Base "te" and Base "ta": The Base "te" and "ta" forms for Ichidan verbs are a lot easier than with Godan verbs. Simply take off the "ru" and add a "te" for Base "te" and a "ta" for Base "ta". These have the same functions as with Godan verbs.

Here are some Ichidan verbs. Try conjugating them on a piece of paper using what you have just learned. Click here for the answers.

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) English Meaning いる いる iru to exist (animate), to be somewhere 見る みる miru to see 寝る ねる neru to sleep 着る きる kiru to wear, put on 出来る できる dekiru can do 覚える おぼえる oboeru to remember

Irregular Verbs

The last type of verbs are the Irregular verbs but there are only 2 of them in the entire language so just memorize their charts below. The first one is suru (to do something). Many nouns can be used as a verb simply by putting "suru" right after them. It is probably the most used of all Japanese verbs. The second Irregular verb is kuru (to come).

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base する する suru (to do) し し shi Base 1 し し shi Base 2 する する suru Base 3 すれ すれ sure Base 4 しよう しよう shiyou Base 5 して して shite Base "te" した した shita Base "ta"

The functions for these bases are the same as for the Godan verbs except that Base 4 can only be used as the "if verb".
The rude command form is "Shiro".

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base 来る くる kuru (to come) 来 こ ko Base 1 来 き ki Base 2 来る くる kuru Base 3 来れ くれ kure Base 4 来よう こよう koyou Base 5 来て きて kite Base "te" 来た きた kita Base "ta"

The functions for these bases are the same as for the Godan verbs except that Base 4 can only be used as the "if verb".
The rude command form is "Koi" and really should only be used on animals.

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Ichidan Verbs

Ichidan Verbs - 一段動詞

The second group of verbs are called Ichidan (一段) verbs. It is usually an Ichidan verb if it ends with the sound "iru" or "eru". Ichidan verbs also follow a simple conjugation pattern that is somewhat similar to that of the Godan verbs. Here's an example:

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base 食べる たべる taberu (to eat) 食べ たべ tabe Base 1 食べ たべ tabe Base 2 食べる たべる taberu Base 3 食べれ たべれ tabere Base 4 食べよう たべよう tabeyou Base 5 食べて たべて tabete Base "te" 食べた たべた tabeta Base "ta"

Base 1 and Base 2: As you can see, Base 1 and 2 are the same. Just like with the Godan verbs, a negative can be made by adding -nai (ex. tabenai - I will not eat.) and this base, or root form, is also used for the formal form of the verb.

Base 3: Base 3 is the same as with Godan verbs.

Base 4: Base 4, however, can not be used by itself like with Godan verbs. It is only used for "if verb" by adding -ba. (ex. tabereba - If I eat it...) It is not the low command form for Ichidan verbs. The low command form for Ichidan verbs is Base 1 + ろ (ro).

Base 5: Base 5 is the same as with Godan verbs.

Base "te" and Base "ta": The Base "te" and "ta" forms for Ichidan verbs are a lot easier than with Godan verbs. Simply take off the "ru" and add a "te" for Base "te" and a "ta" for Base "ta". These have the same functions as with Godan verbs.

Here are some Ichidan verbs. Try conjugating them on a piece of paper using what you have just learned. Click here for the answers.

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) English Meaning いる いる iru to exist (animate), to be somewhere 見る みる miru to see 寝る ねる neru to sleep 着る きる kiru to wear, put on 出来る できる dekiru can do 覚える おぼえる oboeru to remember

Irregular Verbs

The last type of verbs are the Irregular verbs but there are only 2 of them in the entire language so just memorize their charts below. The first one is suru (to do something). Many nouns can be used as a verb simply by putting "suru" right after them. It is probably the most used of all Japanese verbs. The second Irregular verb is kuru (to come).

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base する する suru (to do) し し shi Base 1 し し shi Base 2 する する suru Base 3 すれ すれ sure Base 4 しよう しよう shiyou Base 5 して して shite Base "te" した した shita Base "ta"

The functions for these bases are the same as for the Godan verbs except that Base 4 can only be used as the "if verb".
The rude command form is "Shiro".

漢字 - Kanji ひらがな - Hiragana Romaji (English Letters) Verb Base 来る くる kuru (to come) 来 こ ko Base 1 来 き ki Base 2 来る くる kuru Base 3 来れ くれ kure Base 4 来よう こよう koyou Base 5 来て きて kite Base "te" 来た きた kita Base "ta"

The functions for these bases are the same as for the Godan verbs except that Base 4 can only be used as the "if verb".
The rude command form is "Koi" and really should only be used on animals.

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